| Of which in subject group 2) | ||||||||||||
| Total | Male | Female | Humanities | Law and administrative sciences | Economics | Social and behavioral sciences, sports | Mathematics, natural sciences | Human medicine, health sciences | Agricultural, forestry and nutritional sciences, veterinary medicine | Engineering | Art, art theory | |
| Year | Years | Years | Years | |||||||||
2005 | 40.5 | 40.4 | 40.9 | 42.0 | 38.5 | 38.4 | 42.1 | 39.3 | 40.2 | 43.2 | 39.9 | 42.4 |
2006 | 40.5 | 40.4 | 40.9 | 42.1 | 39.1 | 38.1 | 42.6 | 39.5 | 40.2 | 41.1 | 40.8 | 43.0 |
2007 | 40.6 | 40.4 | 41.1 | 41.9 | 39.9 | 38.5 | 41.7 | 40.0 | 40.3 | 42.0 | 40.4 | 42.6 |
2008 | 40.7 | 40.7 | 41.0 | 42.1 | 40.0 | 37.8 | 41.6 | 40.3 | 40.5 | 41.9 | 41.0 | 42.3 |
2009 | 40.7 | 40.5 | 41.5 | 42.6 | 37.5 | 37.9 | 41.8 | 40.3 | 40.3 | 42.7 | 40.6 | 44.8 |
2010 | 40.8 | 40.8 | 41.0 | 42.5 | 38.4 | 39.0 | 42.3 | 40.1 | 40.3 | 42.4 | 41.1 | 46.1 |
2011 | 41.0 | 40.9 | 41.1 | 43.6 | 39.3 | 37.2 | 40.9 | 40.7 | 40.2 | 42.0 | 43.9 | 45.4 |
2012 | 40.9 | 40.8 | 41.2 | 42.3 | 38.1 | 37.9 | 41.9 | 40.2 | 40.8 | 41.3 | 41.1 | 45.1 |
2013 | 41.1 | 41.0 | 41.3 | 43.6 | 38.1 | 37.4 | 41.3 | 41.4 | 40.7 | 41.2 | 41.9 | 45.1 |
2014 | 40.9 | 40.7 | 41.4 | 43.1 | 39.6 | 38.7 | 40.4 | 40.7 | 40.2 | 44.2 | 42.2 | 43.3 |
2015 | 41.2 | 41.0 | 41.7 | 43.4 | 39.1 | 37.5 | 41.5 | 41.3 | 40.6 | 43.5 | 41.7 | 44.4 |
2016 | 41.2 | 40.9 | 41.7 | 43.7 | 40.0 | 37.4 | 42.1 | 40.8 | 40.6 | 41.3 | 41.6 | 44.6 |
2017 | 41.3 | 41.0 | 41.9 | 43.4 | 38.7 | 39.0 | 41.9 | 41.5 | 40.8 | 41.8 | 41.2 | 45.2 |
2018 | 41.6 | 41.4 | 42.0 | 43.6 | 40.6 | 38.1 | 41.8 | 41.0 | 41.2 | 43.4 | 42.1 | 44.5 |
2019 | 41.6 | 41.4 | 42.0 | 43.7 | 40.7 | 39.3 | 42.0 | 41.9 | 40.9 | 43.4 | 42.5 | 48.1 |
2020 | 41.3 | 41.1 | 41.6 | 43.9 | 38.9 | 40.3 | 41.5 | 41.7 | 40.5 | 42.4 | 42.9 | 45.0 |
2021 | 41.7 | 41.6 | 41.8 | 43.9 | 40.4 | 39.8 | 43.9 | 42.1 | 40.8 | 42.3 | 42.1 | 44.6 |
2022 | 41.6 | 41.7 | 41.5 | 43.8 | 38.5 | 40.3 | 42.1 | 41.5 | 40.9 | 43.9 | 43.3 | 47.0 |
2023 | 41.6 | 41.0 | 42.5 | 44.9 | 40.2 | 39.6 | 42.8 | 42.1 | 40.6 | 44.3 | 42.1 | 46.5 |
2024 | 41.7 | 41.5 | 41.9 | 44.6 | 40.7 | 41.1 | 43.3 | 42.3 | 40.7 | 42.1 | 42.8 | 43.3 |
2025 | 41.9 | 41.5 | 42.5 | 44.4 | 39.9 | 40.9 | 43.1 | 43.1 | 40.9 | 43.3 | 43.0 | 45.5 |
Source: Federal Statistical Office (special evaluation, Statistischer Bericht Habilitationsstatistik, Fachserie 11 Reihe 4.4); German Centre for Higher Education Research and Science Studies, calculations
Notes:
1) Arithmetic mean.
2) As of 2025, the subject group classification used for the habilitation statistics has undergone a comprehensive revision. This has resulted in a restructuring of individual subject groups and, in some cases, the reassignment of fields of study and research to different subject groups. The former subject group "Law, economics and social sciences" has been divided into three separate subject groups: "Law and administrative sciences", "Economics" and "Social and behavioural sciences, sports". The previously separate subject group "Sports" has been integrated into the new subject group "Social and behavioural sciences". The changes have been applied to the entire time series, and the results have been recalculated retrospectively according to the current classification.
Last update: July 23, 2026
This work is licensed under a Data licence Germany attribution 2.0.
(https://www.govdata.de/dl-de/by-2-0)
(https://www.govdata.de/dl-de/by-2-0)