Tab.1.6.5,,,,,,,, ,,,,,,,, "Expenditure of non-higher education science institutions, by fields of science 1)",,,,,,,, ,,,,,,,, ,,,Total expenditure,Natural sciences 2),Engineering 2),Medicine,Agricultural sciences,Social sciences and humanities Type of institution,Type of expenditure,Year,Millions of euros,Millions of euros,Millions of euros,Millions of euros,Millions of euros,Millions of euros 1. Helmholtz Centres (national research institutions),Total,2002,2357,1262,864,207,z,z 1. Helmholtz Centres (national research institutions),Total,2003,2348,1218,884,229,z,z 1. Helmholtz Centres (national research institutions),Total,2004,2391,1259,901,214,z,z 1. Helmholtz Centres (national research institutions),Total,2005,2486,1293,953,220,z,z 1. Helmholtz Centres (national research institutions),Total,2006,2578,1397,922,238,z,z 1. Helmholtz Centres (national research institutions),Total,2007,2740,1511,947,261,z,z 1. Helmholtz Centres (national research institutions),Total,2008,2993,1707,979,284,z,z 1. Helmholtz Centres (national research institutions),Total,2009,3113,1640,1059,390,z,z 1. Helmholtz Centres (national research institutions),Total,2010,3208,1681,1081,415,z,z 1. Helmholtz Centres (national research institutions),Total,2011,3524,1930,1103,457,z,z 1. Helmholtz Centres (national research institutions),Total,2012,3751,2128,1078,514,z,z 1. Helmholtz Centres (national research institutions),Total,2013,4012,2262,1202,519,z,z 1. Helmholtz Centres (national research institutions),Total,2014,4128,2374,1094,634,z,z 1. Helmholtz Centres (national research institutions),Total,2015,4190,2307,1165,695,z,z 1. Helmholtz Centres (national research institutions),Total,2016,4099,2180,1150,736,z,z 1. Helmholtz Centres (national research institutions),Total,2017,4285,2147,1342,764,z,z 1. Helmholtz Centres (national research institutions),Total,2018,4405,2269,1327,776,z,z 1. Helmholtz Centres (national research institutions),Total,2019,4726,2530,1302,858,z,z 1. Helmholtz Centres (national research institutions),Total,2020,4931,2534,1425,930,z,z 1. Helmholtz Centres (national research institutions),Total,2021,5432,2596,1801,989,z,z 1. Helmholtz Centres (national research institutions),Total,2022,5381,2488,1831,1014,z,z 1. Helmholtz Centres (national research institutions), Of which: R&D expenditure,2002,2348,1253,864,207,z,z 1. Helmholtz Centres (national research institutions), Of which: R&D expenditure,2003,2342,1211,884,229,z,z 1. Helmholtz Centres (national research institutions), Of which: R&D expenditure,2004,2391,1259,901,214,z,z 1. Helmholtz Centres (national research institutions), Of which: R&D expenditure,2005,2486,1293,953,220,z,z 1. Helmholtz Centres (national research institutions), Of which: R&D expenditure,2006,2578,1397,922,238,z,z 1. Helmholtz Centres (national research institutions), Of which: R&D expenditure,2007,2740,1511,947,261,z,z 1. Helmholtz Centres (national research institutions), Of which: R&D expenditure,2008,2993,1707,979,284,z,z 1. Helmholtz Centres (national research institutions), Of which: R&D expenditure,2009,3113,1640,1059,390,z,z 1. Helmholtz Centres (national research institutions), Of which: R&D expenditure,2010,3208,1681,1081,415,z,z 1. Helmholtz Centres (national research institutions), Of which: R&D expenditure,2011,3524,1930,1103,457,z,z 1. Helmholtz Centres (national research institutions), Of which: R&D expenditure,2012,3751,2128,1078,514,z,z 1. Helmholtz Centres (national research institutions), Of which: R&D expenditure,2013,4012,2262,1202,519,z,z 1. Helmholtz Centres (national research institutions), Of which: R&D expenditure,2014,4123,2371,1094,634,z,z 1. Helmholtz Centres (national research institutions), Of which: R&D expenditure,2015,4178,2295,1165,695,z,z 1. Helmholtz Centres (national research institutions), Of which: R&D expenditure,2016,4087,2169,1150,736,z,z 1. Helmholtz Centres (national research institutions), Of which: R&D expenditure,2017,4272,2135,1342,764,z,z 1. Helmholtz Centres (national research institutions), Of which: R&D expenditure,2018,4391,2257,1326,776,z,z 1. Helmholtz Centres (national research institutions), Of which: R&D expenditure,2019,4711,2517,1301,857,z,z 1. Helmholtz Centres (national research institutions), Of which: R&D expenditure,2020,4916,2521,1424,930,z,z 1. Helmholtz Centres (national research institutions), Of which: R&D expenditure,2021,5416,2583,1800,989,z,z 1. Helmholtz Centres (national research institutions), Of which: R&D expenditure,2022,5372,2479,1831,1014,z,z Type of institution,Type of expenditure,Year,Millions of euros,Millions of euros,Millions of euros,Millions of euros,Millions of euros,Millions of euros 2. Max Planck Institutes 3),Total (100% R&D),2002,1132,894,z,88,z,139 2. Max Planck Institutes 3),Total (100% R&D),2003,1108,908,z,58,z,135 2. Max Planck Institutes 3),Total (100% R&D),2004,1187,1002,z,29,z,144 2. Max Planck Institutes 3),Total (100% R&D),2005,1201,1008,z,34,z,148 2. Max Planck Institutes 3),Total (100% R&D),2006,1303,1084,z,38,z,170 2. Max Planck Institutes 3),Total (100% R&D),2007,1290,1084,z,37,z,155 2. Max Planck Institutes 3),Total (100% R&D),2008,1561,1307,z,51,z,184 2. Max Planck Institutes 3),Total (100% R&D),2009,1534,1257,z,60,z,188 2. Max Planck Institutes 3),Total (100% R&D),2010,1537,1276,z,60,z,177 2. Max Planck Institutes 3),Total (100% R&D),2011,1600,1326,z,64,z,192 2. Max Planck Institutes 3),Total (100% R&D),2012,1656,1369,z,70,z,198 2. Max Planck Institutes 3),Total (100% R&D),2013,1695,1401,18,73,4,198 2. Max Planck Institutes 3),Total (100% R&D),2014,1821,1304,11,76,4,426 2. Max Planck Institutes 3),Total (100% R&D),2015,1831,1486,z,z,z,208 2. Max Planck Institutes 3),Total (100% R&D),2016,1903,1574,58,z,z,206 2. Max Planck Institutes 3),Total (100% R&D),2017,2026,1649,81,60,z,z 2. Max Planck Institutes 3),Total (100% R&D),2018,1993,1619,86,z,z,z 2. Max Planck Institutes 3),Total (100% R&D),2019,2101,1686,94,68,z,91 2. Max Planck Institutes 3),Total (100% R&D),2020,2197,1771,97,73,z,z 2. Max Planck Institutes 3),Total (100% R&D),2021,2110,1716,98,50,z,z 2. Max Planck Institutes 3),Total (100% R&D),2022,2414,1982,125,48,z,z 3. Fraunhofer Institutes,Total (100% R&D),2002,1047,308,700,z,z,z 3. Fraunhofer Institutes,Total (100% R&D),2003,1048,296,707,z,z,z 3. Fraunhofer Institutes,Total (100% R&D),2004,1069,307,715,z,z,z 3. Fraunhofer Institutes,Total (100% R&D),2005,1258,332,860,z,z,z 3. Fraunhofer Institutes,Total (100% R&D),2006,1206,289,836,38,z,z 3. Fraunhofer Institutes,Total (100% R&D),2007,1319,304,914,55,z,z 3. Fraunhofer Institutes,Total (100% R&D),2008,1401,330,969,45,z,z 3. Fraunhofer Institutes,Total (100% R&D),2009,1563,365,1040,69,16,73 3. Fraunhofer Institutes,Total (100% R&D),2010,1625,471,1033,z,19,z 3. Fraunhofer Institutes,Total (100% R&D),2011,1833,575,1129,74,z,z 3. Fraunhofer Institutes,Total (100% R&D),2012,1889,604,1144,z,22,z 3. Fraunhofer Institutes,Total (100% R&D),2013,2010,666,1163,107,13,60 3. Fraunhofer Institutes,Total (100% R&D),2014,2060,689,1168,126,14,63 3. Fraunhofer Institutes,Total (100% R&D),2015,2085,474,1413,120,16,62 3. Fraunhofer Institutes,Total (100% R&D),2016,2122,450,1449,103,z,z 3. Fraunhofer Institutes,Total (100% R&D),2017,2293,476,1581,110,48,78 3. Fraunhofer Institutes,Total (100% R&D),2018,2562,590,1710,121,z,74 3. Fraunhofer Institutes,Total (100% R&D),2019,2749,638,1835,126,54,96 3. Fraunhofer Institutes,Total (100% R&D),2020,2887,706,1908,140,53,79 3. Fraunhofer Institutes,Total (100% R&D),2021,2881,715,1882,144,54,87 3. Fraunhofer Institutes,Total (100% R&D),2022,3117,773,2041,155,53,94 Type of institution,Type of expenditure,Year,Millions of euros,Millions of euros,Millions of euros,Millions of euros,Millions of euros,Millions of euros 4. Institutions of the Leibniz Association,Total,2002,937,495,z,84,z,186 4. Institutions of the Leibniz Association,Total,2003,910,492,z,84,z,193 4. Institutions of the Leibniz Association,Total,2004,906,476,z,79,z,194 4. Institutions of the Leibniz Association,Total,2005,910,471,z,87,z,186 4. Institutions of the Leibniz Association,Total,2006,1069,586,124,83,62,214 4. Institutions of the Leibniz Association,Total,2007,1107,617,89,88,58,255 4. Institutions of the Leibniz Association,Total,2008,1162,664,116,85,62,235 4. Institutions of the Leibniz Association,Total,2009,1300,750,124,113,47,267 4. Institutions of the Leibniz Association,Total,2010,1359,772,132,127,52,275 4. Institutions of the Leibniz Association,Total,2011,1346,733,141,118,53,300 4. Institutions of the Leibniz Association,Total,2012,1346,700,130,130,62,323 4. Institutions of the Leibniz Association,Total,2013,1414,762,140,z,z,318 4. Institutions of the Leibniz Association,Total,2014,1507,798,149,z,z,358 4. Institutions of the Leibniz Association,Total,2015,1547,759,173,166,69,380 4. Institutions of the Leibniz Association,Total,2016,1627,815,145,169,79,418 4. Institutions of the Leibniz Association,Total,2017,1738,862,171,159,83,463 4. Institutions of the Leibniz Association,Total,2018,1808,861,217,163,82,484 4. Institutions of the Leibniz Association,Total,2019,1924,863,223,176,122,539 4. Institutions of the Leibniz Association,Total,2020,1972,875,254,190,118,535 4. Institutions of the Leibniz Association,Total,2021,2058,927,263,209,116,543 4. Institutions of the Leibniz Association,Total,2022,2172,996,234,219,121,601 4. Institutions of the Leibniz Association, Of which: R&D expenditure,2002,797,444,z,76,z,149 4. Institutions of the Leibniz Association, Of which: R&D expenditure,2003,774,442,z,76,z,156 4. Institutions of the Leibniz Association, Of which: R&D expenditure,2004,774,429,z,71,z,159 4. Institutions of the Leibniz Association, Of which: R&D expenditure,2005,773,425,z,80,z,152 4. Institutions of the Leibniz Association, Of which: R&D expenditure,2006,936,544,78,75,61,178 4. Institutions of the Leibniz Association, Of which: R&D expenditure,2007,966,576,63,79,58,190 4. Institutions of the Leibniz Association, Of which: R&D expenditure,2008,1018,607,80,76,60,194 4. Institutions of the Leibniz Association, Of which: R&D expenditure,2009,1141,687,82,103,45,224 4. Institutions of the Leibniz Association, Of which: R&D expenditure,2010,1209,720,91,118,51,229 4. Institutions of the Leibniz Association, Of which: R&D expenditure,2011,1175,670,94,110,52,250 4. Institutions of the Leibniz Association, Of which: R&D expenditure,2012,1180,651,93,122,61,254 4. Institutions of the Leibniz Association, Of which: R&D expenditure,2013,1272,705,118,z,z,264 4. Institutions of the Leibniz Association, Of which: R&D expenditure,2014,1308,723,98,z,z,292 4. Institutions of the Leibniz Association, Of which: R&D expenditure,2015,1344,695,115,159,65,310 4. Institutions of the Leibniz Association, Of which: R&D expenditure,2016,1354,698,110,160,71,315 4. Institutions of the Leibniz Association, Of which: R&D expenditure,2017,1477,735,139,155,77,370 4. Institutions of the Leibniz Association, Of which: R&D expenditure,2018,1567,765,174,160,79,389 4. Institutions of the Leibniz Association, Of which: R&D expenditure,2019,1647,778,173,171,115,410 4. Institutions of the Leibniz Association, Of which: R&D expenditure,2020,1693,792,201,184,110,406 4. Institutions of the Leibniz Association, Of which: R&D expenditure,2021,1773,839,206,200,111,416 4. Institutions of the Leibniz Association, Of which: R&D expenditure,2022,1898,910,192,211,118,467 "5. Public institutions (excluding libraries, archives and museums; excluding institutions of the Leibniz Association)",Total,2002,2003,816,336,191,461,199 "5. Public institutions (excluding libraries, archives and museums; excluding institutions of the Leibniz Association)",Total,2003,1979,742,356,193,484,204 "5. Public institutions (excluding libraries, archives and museums; excluding institutions of the Leibniz Association)",Total,2004,2005,723,373,211,493,206 "5. Public institutions (excluding libraries, archives and museums; excluding institutions of the Leibniz Association)",Total,2005,2022,752,359,214,477,220 "5. Public institutions (excluding libraries, archives and museums; excluding institutions of the Leibniz Association)",Total,2006,2324,834,384,252,574,281 "5. Public institutions (excluding libraries, archives and museums; excluding institutions of the Leibniz Association)",Total,2007,2409,852,445,252,578,283 "5. Public institutions (excluding libraries, archives and museums; excluding institutions of the Leibniz Association)",Total,2008,2524,892,554,317,493,268 "5. Public institutions (excluding libraries, archives and museums; excluding institutions of the Leibniz Association)",Total,2009,2834,912,725,398,645,154 "5. Public institutions (excluding libraries, archives and museums; excluding institutions of the Leibniz Association)",Total,2010,2806,920,733,366,592,194 "5. Public institutions (excluding libraries, archives and museums; excluding institutions of the Leibniz Association)",Total,2011,2888,975,743,395,578,197 "5. Public institutions (excluding libraries, archives and museums; excluding institutions of the Leibniz Association)",Total,2012,3099,1046,790,444,607,213 "5. Public institutions (excluding libraries, archives and museums; excluding institutions of the Leibniz Association)",Total,2013,3121,1064,833,435,569,220 "5. Public institutions (excluding libraries, archives and museums; excluding institutions of the Leibniz Association)",Total,2014,3178,1103,851,458,570,197 "5. Public institutions (excluding libraries, archives and museums; excluding institutions of the Leibniz Association)",Total,2015,3076,1109,795,388,583,201 "5. Public institutions (excluding libraries, archives and museums; excluding institutions of the Leibniz Association)",Total,2016,3245,1172,868,389,595,221 "5. Public institutions (excluding libraries, archives and museums; excluding institutions of the Leibniz Association)",Total,2017,3409,1239,911,409,623,227 "5. Public institutions (excluding libraries, archives and museums; excluding institutions of the Leibniz Association)",Total,2018,2922,1152,486,412,634,239 "5. Public institutions (excluding libraries, archives and museums; excluding institutions of the Leibniz Association)",Total,2019,3147,1251,559,412,678,248 "5. Public institutions (excluding libraries, archives and museums; excluding institutions of the Leibniz Association)",Total,2020,3269,1230,635,472,663,270 "5. Public institutions (excluding libraries, archives and museums; excluding institutions of the Leibniz Association)",Total,2021,3603,1299,621,702,703,277 "5. Public institutions (excluding libraries, archives and museums; excluding institutions of the Leibniz Association)",Total,2022,3609,1305,652,671,706,275 "5. Public institutions (excluding libraries, archives and museums; excluding institutions of the Leibniz Association)", Of which: R&D expenditure,2002,800,233,85,63,285,134 "5. Public institutions (excluding libraries, archives and museums; excluding institutions of the Leibniz Association)", Of which: R&D expenditure,2003,816,205,98,65,309,139 "5. Public institutions (excluding libraries, archives and museums; excluding institutions of the Leibniz Association)", Of which: R&D expenditure,2004,848,205,95,76,332,140 "5. Public institutions (excluding libraries, archives and museums; excluding institutions of the Leibniz Association)", Of which: R&D expenditure,2005,869,215,97,78,327,153 "5. Public institutions (excluding libraries, archives and museums; excluding institutions of the Leibniz Association)", Of which: R&D expenditure,2006,902,236,98,88,331,148 "5. Public institutions (excluding libraries, archives and museums; excluding institutions of the Leibniz Association)", Of which: R&D expenditure,2007,899,243,113,89,332,123 "5. Public institutions (excluding libraries, archives and museums; excluding institutions of the Leibniz Association)", Of which: R&D expenditure,2008,924,250,105,107,358,105 "5. Public institutions (excluding libraries, archives and museums; excluding institutions of the Leibniz Association)", Of which: R&D expenditure,2009,1117,267,146,133,457,113 "5. Public institutions (excluding libraries, archives and museums; excluding institutions of the Leibniz Association)", Of which: R&D expenditure,2010,1176,284,157,140,476,119 "5. Public institutions (excluding libraries, archives and museums; excluding institutions of the Leibniz Association)", Of which: R&D expenditure,2011,1206,303,163,170,453,117 "5. Public institutions (excluding libraries, archives and museums; excluding institutions of the Leibniz Association)", Of which: R&D expenditure,2012,1280,321,174,184,473,128 "5. Public institutions (excluding libraries, archives and museums; excluding institutions of the Leibniz Association)", Of which: R&D expenditure,2013,1249,306,204,180,434,126 "5. Public institutions (excluding libraries, archives and museums; excluding institutions of the Leibniz Association)", Of which: R&D expenditure,2014,1272,328,202,166,425,151 "5. Public institutions (excluding libraries, archives and museums; excluding institutions of the Leibniz Association)", Of which: R&D expenditure,2015,1253,316,190,149,442,156 "5. Public institutions (excluding libraries, archives and museums; excluding institutions of the Leibniz Association)", Of which: R&D expenditure,2016,1389,422,207,153,449,159 "5. Public institutions (excluding libraries, archives and museums; excluding institutions of the Leibniz Association)", Of which: R&D expenditure,2017,1471,449,229,156,469,168 "5. Public institutions (excluding libraries, archives and museums; excluding institutions of the Leibniz Association)", Of which: R&D expenditure,2018,1439,435,201,155,472,177 "5. Public institutions (excluding libraries, archives and museums; excluding institutions of the Leibniz Association)", Of which: R&D expenditure,2019,1519,477,234,148,480,180 "5. Public institutions (excluding libraries, archives and museums; excluding institutions of the Leibniz Association)", Of which: R&D expenditure,2020,1582,467,269,174,478,194 "5. Public institutions (excluding libraries, archives and museums; excluding institutions of the Leibniz Association)", Of which: R&D expenditure,2021,1898,580,281,349,484,203 "5. Public institutions (excluding libraries, archives and museums; excluding institutions of the Leibniz Association)", Of which: R&D expenditure,2022,1856,544,316,314,490,192 "6. Scientific libraries, archives and museums (excluding institutions of the Leibniz Association)",Total,2002,808,50,z,z,z,729 "6. Scientific libraries, archives and museums (excluding institutions of the Leibniz Association)",Total,2003,830,52,z,z,z,748 "6. Scientific libraries, archives and museums (excluding institutions of the Leibniz Association)",Total,2004,834,54,z,z,z,751 "6. Scientific libraries, archives and museums (excluding institutions of the Leibniz Association)",Total,2005,843,49,z,z,z,765 "6. Scientific libraries, archives and museums (excluding institutions of the Leibniz Association)",Total,2006,913,54,18,8,10,824 "6. Scientific libraries, archives and museums (excluding institutions of the Leibniz Association)",Total,2007,937,59,16,8,5,848 "6. Scientific libraries, archives and museums (excluding institutions of the Leibniz Association)",Total,2008,1017,62,21,10,6,917 "6. Scientific libraries, archives and museums (excluding institutions of the Leibniz Association)",Total,2009,1020,63,22,11,7,918 "6. Scientific libraries, archives and museums (excluding institutions of the Leibniz Association)",Total,2010,1097,81,22,11,7,977 "6. Scientific libraries, archives and museums (excluding institutions of the Leibniz Association)",Total,2011,1090,85,17,9,6,973 "6. Scientific libraries, archives and museums (excluding institutions of the Leibniz Association)",Total,2012,1104,68,11,9,6,1009 "6. Scientific libraries, archives and museums (excluding institutions of the Leibniz Association)",Total,2013,1113,69,11,10,6,1015 "6. Scientific libraries, archives and museums (excluding institutions of the Leibniz Association)",Total,2014,1129,67,11,10,6,1036 "6. Scientific libraries, archives and museums (excluding institutions of the Leibniz Association)",Total,2015,1190,71,12,11,7,1090 "6. Scientific libraries, archives and museums (excluding institutions of the Leibniz Association)",Total,2016,1183,70,14,11,7,1082 "6. Scientific libraries, archives and museums (excluding institutions of the Leibniz Association)",Total,2017,1406,84,13,17,12,1280 "6. Scientific libraries, archives and museums (excluding institutions of the Leibniz Association)",Total,2018,1430,91,13,18,13,1295 "6. Scientific libraries, archives and museums (excluding institutions of the Leibniz Association)",Total,2019,1555,100,14,19,14,1409 "6. Scientific libraries, archives and museums (excluding institutions of the Leibniz Association)",Total,2020,1545,102,13,18,13,1399 "6. Scientific libraries, archives and museums (excluding institutions of the Leibniz Association)",Total,2021,1553,101,14,20,16,1403 "6. Scientific libraries, archives and museums (excluding institutions of the Leibniz Association)",Total,2022,1686,109,14,12,8,1544 "6. Scientific libraries, archives and museums (excluding institutions of the Leibniz Association)", Of which: R&D expenditure,2002,251,21,z,z,z,221 "6. Scientific libraries, archives and museums (excluding institutions of the Leibniz Association)", Of which: R&D expenditure,2003,267,23,z,z,z,233 "6. Scientific libraries, archives and museums (excluding institutions of the Leibniz Association)", Of which: R&D expenditure,2004,256,25,z,z,z,221 "6. Scientific libraries, archives and museums (excluding institutions of the Leibniz Association)", Of which: R&D expenditure,2005,265,17,z,z,z,238 "6. Scientific libraries, archives and museums (excluding institutions of the Leibniz Association)", Of which: R&D expenditure,2006,320,24,6,1,5,284 "6. Scientific libraries, archives and museums (excluding institutions of the Leibniz Association)", Of which: R&D expenditure,2007,325,28,3,1,1,292 "6. Scientific libraries, archives and museums (excluding institutions of the Leibniz Association)", Of which: R&D expenditure,2008,370,29,7,1,1,333 "6. Scientific libraries, archives and museums (excluding institutions of the Leibniz Association)", Of which: R&D expenditure,2009,356,23,7,1,1,323 "6. Scientific libraries, archives and museums (excluding institutions of the Leibniz Association)", Of which: R&D expenditure,2010,412,40,7,1,1,363 "6. Scientific libraries, archives and museums (excluding institutions of the Leibniz Association)", Of which: R&D expenditure,2011,402,43,3,1,1,355 "6. Scientific libraries, archives and museums (excluding institutions of the Leibniz Association)", Of which: R&D expenditure,2012,407,27,1,1,1,377 "6. Scientific libraries, archives and museums (excluding institutions of the Leibniz Association)", Of which: R&D expenditure,2013,441,38,1,1,1,400 "6. Scientific libraries, archives and museums (excluding institutions of the Leibniz Association)", Of which: R&D expenditure,2014,434,36,1,1,1,395 "6. Scientific libraries, archives and museums (excluding institutions of the Leibniz Association)", Of which: R&D expenditure,2015,440,37,1,2,1,399 "6. Scientific libraries, archives and museums (excluding institutions of the Leibniz Association)", Of which: R&D expenditure,2016,444,37,1,2,1,403 "6. Scientific libraries, archives and museums (excluding institutions of the Leibniz Association)", Of which: R&D expenditure,2017,491,27,1,2,1,459 "6. Scientific libraries, archives and museums (excluding institutions of the Leibniz Association)", Of which: R&D expenditure,2018,511,29,1,5,4,472 "6. Scientific libraries, archives and museums (excluding institutions of the Leibniz Association)", Of which: R&D expenditure,2019,548,32,1,5,4,505 "6. Scientific libraries, archives and museums (excluding institutions of the Leibniz Association)", Of which: R&D expenditure,2020,541,33,1,5,4,498 "6. Scientific libraries, archives and museums (excluding institutions of the Leibniz Association)", Of which: R&D expenditure,2021,551,45,1,5,5,494 "6. Scientific libraries, archives and museums (excluding institutions of the Leibniz Association)", Of which: R&D expenditure,2022,570,36,1,1,1,530 7. Other research institutions 4),Total,2002,1146,347,z,42,z,347 7. Other research institutions 4),Total,2003,1152,343,z,47,z,359 7. Other research institutions 4),Total,2004,1181,357,z,z,23,356 7. Other research institutions 4),Total,2005,1212,379,z,z,23,378 7. Other research institutions 4),Total,2006,1110,278,z,z,28,376 7. Other research institutions 4),Total,2007,1222,348,z,z,30,388 7. Other research institutions 4),Total,2008,1296,388,z,z,33,413 7. Other research institutions 4),Total,2009,1332,410,z,40,40,z 7. Other research institutions 4),Total,2010,1368,421,z,z,46,449 7. Other research institutions 4),Total,2011,1417,461,z,40,z,z 7. Other research institutions 4),Total,2012,1364,409,z,z,51,z 7. Other research institutions 4),Total,2013,1385,417,426,z,49,z 7. Other research institutions 4),Total,2014,1478,470,415,z,48,z 7. Other research institutions 4),Total,2015,1627,349,z,z,59,z 7. Other research institutions 4),Total,2016,1866,361,548,181,63,711 7. Other research institutions 4),Total,2017,1940,391,545,196,64,744 7. Other research institutions 4),Total,2018,2192,447,595,267,70,814 7. Other research institutions 4),Total,2019,2194,486,619,227,54,808 7. Other research institutions 4),Total,2020,2235,510,648,213,58,806 7. Other research institutions 4),Total,2021,2623,651,675,366,58,874 7. Other research institutions 4),Total,2022,2995,729,747,391,82,1046 7. Other research institutions 4), Of which: R&D expenditure,2002,958,318,z,37,z,251 7. Other research institutions 4), Of which: R&D expenditure,2003,954,309,z,42,z,261 7. Other research institutions 4), Of which: R&D expenditure,2004,990,327,z,z,15,262 7. Other research institutions 4), Of which: R&D expenditure,2005,1014,346,z,z,15,276 7. Other research institutions 4), Of which: R&D expenditure,2006,911,246,z,z,19,274 7. Other research institutions 4), Of which: R&D expenditure,2007,1002,307,z,z,21,279 7. Other research institutions 4), Of which: R&D expenditure,2008,1080,344,z,z,24,307 7. Other research institutions 4), Of which: R&D expenditure,2009,1109,364,z,36,30,z 7. Other research institutions 4), Of which: R&D expenditure,2010,1187,374,z,z,34,370 7. Other research institutions 4), Of which: R&D expenditure,2011,1234,411,z,36,z,z 7. Other research institutions 4), Of which: R&D expenditure,2012,1177,358,z,z,40,z 7. Other research institutions 4), Of which: R&D expenditure,2013,1183,363,368,z,42,z 7. Other research institutions 4), Of which: R&D expenditure,2014,1300,431,362,z,39,z 7. Other research institutions 4), Of which: R&D expenditure,2015,1355,304,z,z,44,z 7. Other research institutions 4), Of which: R&D expenditure,2016,1421,329,487,99,46,457 7. Other research institutions 4), Of which: R&D expenditure,2017,1454,358,466,110,48,472 7. Other research institutions 4), Of which: R&D expenditure,2018,1705,424,515,178,55,534 7. Other research institutions 4), Of which: R&D expenditure,2019,1748,467,539,130,38,575 7. Other research institutions 4), Of which: R&D expenditure,2020,1773,489,566,114,41,563 7. Other research institutions 4), Of which: R&D expenditure,2021,2133,629,594,262,39,610 7. Other research institutions 4), Of which: R&D expenditure,2022,2379,701,656,278,52,692 8. Total (sum 1. to 7.),Total,2002,9431,4172,2431,636,562,1629 8. Total (sum 1. to 7.),Total,2003,9376,4051,2434,638,582,1671 8. Total (sum 1. to 7.),Total,2004,9573,4178,2500,616,597,1682 8. Total (sum 1. to 7.),Total,2005,9932,4284,2689,638,592,1729 8. Total (sum 1. to 7.),Total,2006,10503,4522,2677,702,702,1900 8. Total (sum 1. to 7.),Total,2007,11025,4776,2836,745,690,1978 8. Total (sum 1. to 7.),Total,2008,11953,5351,3074,836,635,2057 8. Total (sum 1. to 7.),Total,2009,12695,5395,3398,1081,768,2052 8. Total (sum 1. to 7.),Total,2010,12999,5623,3426,1092,730,2129 8. Total (sum 1. to 7.),Total,2011,13697,6084,3549,1156,716,2191 8. Total (sum 1. to 7.),Total,2012,14209,6325,3579,1306,762,2239 8. Total (sum 1. to 7.),Total,2013,14751,6640,3795,1329,711,2275 8. Total (sum 1. to 7.),Total,2014,15302,6805,3699,1484,715,2598 8. Total (sum 1. to 7.),Total,2015,15547,6555,4155,1601,743,2493 8. Total (sum 1. to 7.),Total,2016,16045,6623,4232,1648,799,2744 8. Total (sum 1. to 7.),Total,2017,17097,6848,4644,1714,840,3050 8. Total (sum 1. to 7.),Total,2018,17312,7029,4434,1813,857,3179 8. Total (sum 1. to 7.),Total,2019,18397,7554,4646,1886,931,3380 8. Total (sum 1. to 7.),Total,2020,19037,7728,4980,2037,911,3381 8. Total (sum 1. to 7.),Total,2021,20259,8006,5353,2480,950,3469 8. Total (sum 1. to 7.),Total,2022,21374,8382,5644,2510,975,3862 8. Total (sum 1. to 7.), Of which: R&D expenditure,2002,7333,3470,2080,487,372,924 8. Total (sum 1. to 7.), Of which: R&D expenditure,2003,7307,3394,2075,490,393,955 8. Total (sum 1. to 7.), Of which: R&D expenditure,2004,7514,3554,2118,461,423,958 8. Total (sum 1. to 7.), Of which: R&D expenditure,2005,7867,3636,2320,483,428,1000 8. Total (sum 1. to 7.), Of which: R&D expenditure,2006,8156,3820,2281,520,446,1089 8. Total (sum 1. to 7.), Of which: R&D expenditure,2007,8540,4054,2405,562,430,1089 8. Total (sum 1. to 7.), Of which: R&D expenditure,2008,9346,4574,2521,605,484,1163 8. Total (sum 1. to 7.), Of which: R&D expenditure,2009,9932,4604,2708,792,563,1265 8. Total (sum 1. to 7.), Of which: R&D expenditure,2010,10354,4847,2757,843,594,1314 8. Total (sum 1. to 7.), Of which: R&D expenditure,2011,10974,5257,2866,911,574,1366 8. Total (sum 1. to 7.), Of which: R&D expenditure,2012,11341,5458,2869,1023,610,1380 8. Total (sum 1. to 7.), Of which: R&D expenditure,2013,11862,5740,3075,1049,562,1436 8. Total (sum 1. to 7.), Of which: R&D expenditure,2014,12320,5883,2937,1172,556,1773 8. Total (sum 1. to 7.), Of which: R&D expenditure,2015,12486,5609,3419,1272,577,1609 8. Total (sum 1. to 7.), Of which: R&D expenditure,2016,12721,5679,3462,1312,621,1645 8. Total (sum 1. to 7.), Of which: R&D expenditure,2017,13484,5830,3839,1357,653,1805 8. Total (sum 1. to 7.), Of which: R&D expenditure,2018,14168,6119,4013,1450,667,1919 8. Total (sum 1. to 7.), Of which: R&D expenditure,2019,15022,6595,4177,1505,700,2046 8. Total (sum 1. to 7.), Of which: R&D expenditure,2020,15589,6779,4465,1621,693,2031 8. Total (sum 1. to 7.), Of which: R&D expenditure,2021,16761,7106,4864,1999,698,2094 8. Total (sum 1. to 7.), Of which: R&D expenditure,2022,17605,7425,5162,2021,720,2277 "Type of institution, for information",Type of expenditure,Year,Millions of euros,Millions of euros,Millions of euros,Millions of euros,Millions of euros,Millions of euros Federal institutions performing R&D,Total,2002,1527,707,291,z,213,z Federal institutions performing R&D,Total,2003,1485,627,312,z,219,z Federal institutions performing R&D,Total,2004,1508,616,318,z,224,z Federal institutions performing R&D,Total,2005,1534,649,307,z,222,z Federal institutions performing R&D,Total,2006,1803,757,355,251,230,210 Federal institutions performing R&D,Total,2007,1851,772,380,252,227,220 Federal institutions performing R&D,Total,2008,1964,784,431,317,240,192 Federal institutions performing R&D,Total,2009,2295,816,689,399,315,76 Federal institutions performing R&D,Total,2010,2357,822,697,367,342,129 Federal institutions performing R&D,Total,2011,2438,881,706,395,324,131 Federal institutions performing R&D,Total,2012,2644,952,753,z,347,z Federal institutions performing R&D,Total,2013,2662,969,z,435,331,z Federal institutions performing R&D,Total,2014,2702,1001,z,458,332,z Federal institutions performing R&D,Total,2015,2582,1004,725,388,330,135 Federal institutions performing R&D,Total,2016,2741,1071,795,389,342,145 Federal institutions performing R&D,Total,2017,2887,1137,833,409,356,152 Federal institutions performing R&D,Total,2018,2370,1049,409,z,350,z Federal institutions performing R&D,Total,2019,2558,1153,469,z,373,60 Federal institutions performing R&D,Total,2020,2707,1138,547,z,387,z Federal institutions performing R&D,Total,2021,3008,1195,538,z,399,z Federal institutions performing R&D,Total,2022,2989,1179,566,z,403,z Federal institutions performing R&D, Of which: R&D expenditure,2002,600,203,73,z,173,z Federal institutions performing R&D, Of which: R&D expenditure,2003,603,175,84,z,182,z Federal institutions performing R&D, Of which: R&D expenditure,2004,625,176,77,z,198,z Federal institutions performing R&D, Of which: R&D expenditure,2005,642,191,78,z,194,z Federal institutions performing R&D, Of which: R&D expenditure,2006,689,217,84,87,199,102 Federal institutions performing R&D, Of which: R&D expenditure,2007,681,223,90,89,195,84 Federal institutions performing R&D, Of which: R&D expenditure,2008,694,227,92,107,207,61 Federal institutions performing R&D, Of which: R&D expenditure,2009,860,246,136,133,278,67 Federal institutions performing R&D, Of which: R&D expenditure,2010,940,262,148,140,306,84 Federal institutions performing R&D, Of which: R&D expenditure,2011,969,282,153,170,281,83 Federal institutions performing R&D, Of which: R&D expenditure,2012,1047,305,164,z,300,z Federal institutions performing R&D, Of which: R&D expenditure,2013,1046,292,z,180,293,z Federal institutions performing R&D, Of which: R&D expenditure,2014,1071,309,z,166,291,z Federal institutions performing R&D, Of which: R&D expenditure,2015,1034,296,171,149,295,124 Federal institutions performing R&D, Of which: R&D expenditure,2016,1181,403,184,153,307,133 Federal institutions performing R&D, Of which: R&D expenditure,2017,1250,431,204,156,320,139 Federal institutions performing R&D, Of which: R&D expenditure,2018,1196,413,176,z,314,z Federal institutions performing R&D, Of which: R&D expenditure,2019,1274,456,203,z,329,58 Federal institutions performing R&D, Of which: R&D expenditure,2020,1351,448,238,z,341,z Federal institutions performing R&D, Of which: R&D expenditure,2021,1663,559,253,z,344,z Federal institutions performing R&D, Of which: R&D expenditure,2022,1627,523,287,z,348,z Länder and local government institutions performing R&D (including institutions of the Leibniz Association),Total,2002,585,164,45,25,249,102 Länder and local government institutions performing R&D (including institutions of the Leibniz Association),Total,2003,602,172,45,24,265,97 Länder and local government institutions performing R&D (including institutions of the Leibniz Association),Total,2004,582,137,54,24,269,97 Länder and local government institutions performing R&D (including institutions of the Leibniz Association),Total,2005,551,132,52,23,255,89 Länder and local government institutions performing R&D (including institutions of the Leibniz Association),Total,2006,565,94,29,23,343,77 Länder and local government institutions performing R&D (including institutions of the Leibniz Association),Total,2007,609,99,61,24,351,69 Länder and local government institutions performing R&D (including institutions of the Leibniz Association),Total,2008,582,124,124,0,253,82 Länder and local government institutions performing R&D (including institutions of the Leibniz Association),Total,2009,611,134,46,13,330,88 Länder and local government institutions performing R&D (including institutions of the Leibniz Association),Total,2010,521,137,46,13,251,75 Länder and local government institutions performing R&D (including institutions of the Leibniz Association),Total,2011,463,100,37,0,254,72 Länder and local government institutions performing R&D (including institutions of the Leibniz Association),Total,2012,485,115,37,0,260,74 Länder and local government institutions performing R&D (including institutions of the Leibniz Association),Total,2013,491,118,58,0,238,77 Länder and local government institutions performing R&D (including institutions of the Leibniz Association),Total,2014,480,103,68,0,238,72 Länder and local government institutions performing R&D (including institutions of the Leibniz Association),Total,2015,498,105,70,0,253,69 Länder and local government institutions performing R&D (including institutions of the Leibniz Association),Total,2016,504,101,73,0,253,77 Länder and local government institutions performing R&D (including institutions of the Leibniz Association),Total,2017,522,102,78,0,268,75 Länder and local government institutions performing R&D (including institutions of the Leibniz Association),Total,2018,552,103,77,z,284,z Länder and local government institutions performing R&D (including institutions of the Leibniz Association),Total,2019,589,98,90,z,305,83 Länder and local government institutions performing R&D (including institutions of the Leibniz Association),Total,2020,563,92,88,z,275,z Länder and local government institutions performing R&D (including institutions of the Leibniz Association),Total,2021,595,104,84,z,303,z Länder and local government institutions performing R&D (including institutions of the Leibniz Association),Total,2022,620,126,86,z,303,z Länder and local government institutions performing R&D (including institutions of the Leibniz Association), Of which: R&D expenditure,2002,298,76,11,24,113,74 Länder and local government institutions performing R&D (including institutions of the Leibniz Association), Of which: R&D expenditure,2003,311,77,14,24,127,70 Länder and local government institutions performing R&D (including institutions of the Leibniz Association), Of which: R&D expenditure,2004,300,53,18,24,134,71 Länder and local government institutions performing R&D (including institutions of the Leibniz Association), Of which: R&D expenditure,2005,283,46,18,23,133,63 Länder and local government institutions performing R&D (including institutions of the Leibniz Association), Of which: R&D expenditure,2006,257,36,15,22,132,52 Länder and local government institutions performing R&D (including institutions of the Leibniz Association), Of which: R&D expenditure,2007,269,37,24,24,137,45 Länder and local government institutions performing R&D (including institutions of the Leibniz Association), Of which: R&D expenditure,2008,252,38,13,0,151,50 Länder and local government institutions performing R&D (including institutions of the Leibniz Association), Of which: R&D expenditure,2009,294,46,11,4,179,53 Länder and local government institutions performing R&D (including institutions of the Leibniz Association), Of which: R&D expenditure,2010,274,47,11,4,170,42 Länder and local government institutions performing R&D (including institutions of the Leibniz Association), Of which: R&D expenditure,2011,251,27,10,0,173,41 Länder and local government institutions performing R&D (including institutions of the Leibniz Association), Of which: R&D expenditure,2012,262,37,10,0,173,42 Länder and local government institutions performing R&D (including institutions of the Leibniz Association), Of which: R&D expenditure,2013,234,36,12,0,141,45 Länder and local government institutions performing R&D (including institutions of the Leibniz Association), Of which: R&D expenditure,2014,204,19,16,0,134,35 Länder and local government institutions performing R&D (including institutions of the Leibniz Association), Of which: R&D expenditure,2015,222,20,19,0,147,36 Länder and local government institutions performing R&D (including institutions of the Leibniz Association), Of which: R&D expenditure,2016,209,19,23,0,142,26 Länder and local government institutions performing R&D (including institutions of the Leibniz Association), Of which: R&D expenditure,2017,222,19,25,0,149,29 Länder and local government institutions performing R&D (including institutions of the Leibniz Association), Of which: R&D expenditure,2018,243,22,25,z,158,z Länder and local government institutions performing R&D (including institutions of the Leibniz Association), Of which: R&D expenditure,2019,245,21,31,z,151,30 Länder and local government institutions performing R&D (including institutions of the Leibniz Association), Of which: R&D expenditure,2020,231,19,30,z,137,z Länder and local government institutions performing R&D (including institutions of the Leibniz Association), Of which: R&D expenditure,2021,234,21,28,z,140,z Länder and local government institutions performing R&D (including institutions of the Leibniz Association), Of which: R&D expenditure,2022,229,21,28,z,142,z Higher education institutions,Total,2002,448,176,142,z,z,77 Higher education institutions,Total,2003,461,175,143,z,z,84 Higher education institutions,Total,2004,472,173,151,z,z,87 Higher education institutions,Total,2005,486,171,161,z,z,97 Higher education institutions,Total,2006,507,189,163,53,8,94 Higher education institutions,Total,2007,538,196,164,55,11,111 Higher education institutions,Total,2008,599,236,196,53,12,102 Higher education institutions,Total,2009,601,252,177,57,8,107 Higher education institutions,Total,2010,680,295,206,60,8,110 Higher education institutions,Total,2011,594,228,187,55,9,114 Higher education institutions,Total,2012,599,230,191,57,10,111 Higher education institutions,Total,2013,677,251,232,42,9,142 Higher education institutions,Total,2014,732,249,236,44,11,193 Higher education institutions,Total,2015,758,177,307,52,11,211 Higher education institutions,Total,2016,809,172,322,63,11,240 Higher education institutions,Total,2017,831,180,313,66,11,262 Higher education institutions,Total,2018,898,189,347,71,11,281 Higher education institutions,Total,2019,911,181,351,87,12,279 Higher education institutions,Total,2020,976,196,393,89,13,285 Higher education institutions,Total,2021,1219,203,482,214,14,305 Higher education institutions,Total,2022,1273,199,502,227,15,331 Higher education institutions, Of which: R&D expenditure,2002,386,159,108,z,z,67 Higher education institutions, Of which: R&D expenditure,2003,393,156,108,z,z,71 Higher education institutions, Of which: R&D expenditure,2004,404,156,114,z,z,74 Higher education institutions, Of which: R&D expenditure,2005,401,150,116,z,z,80 Higher education institutions, Of which: R&D expenditure,2006,415,169,122,52,4,66 Higher education institutions, Of which: R&D expenditure,2007,440,179,136,55,7,62 Higher education institutions, Of which: R&D expenditure,2008,492,203,157,52,7,71 Higher education institutions, Of which: R&D expenditure,2009,495,218,139,55,7,77 Higher education institutions, Of which: R&D expenditure,2010,576,263,171,58,7,77 Higher education institutions, Of which: R&D expenditure,2011,489,197,150,54,8,81 Higher education institutions, Of which: R&D expenditure,2012,499,197,153,57,9,83 Higher education institutions, Of which: R&D expenditure,2013,552,211,187,41,8,105 Higher education institutions, Of which: R&D expenditure,2014,637,228,201,42,10,156 Higher education institutions, Of which: R&D expenditure,2015,650,154,267,50,10,169 Higher education institutions, Of which: R&D expenditure,2016,652,151,278,61,9,154 Higher education institutions, Of which: R&D expenditure,2017,651,157,252,63,9,169 Higher education institutions, Of which: R&D expenditure,2018,753,180,303,69,9,191 Higher education institutions, Of which: R&D expenditure,2019,753,170,300,84,10,189 Higher education institutions, Of which: R&D expenditure,2020,806,181,338,86,11,191 Higher education institutions, Of which: R&D expenditure,2021,1031,191,417,208,12,202 Higher education institutions, Of which: R&D expenditure,2022,1072,183,434,221,12,221 ,,,,,,,, "Source: Federal Statistical Office, special evaluation",,,,,,,, ,,,,,,,, Notes:,,,,,,,, 1) Including funds that cannot be divided up among the Länder.,,,,,,,, "2) As of 2015, changes of the classification of scientific branches and fields: engineering includes informatics.",,,,,,,, 3) Including legally independent institutes.,,,,,,,, 4) Including academies.,,,,,,,, ,,,,,,,, "z = value not stated for reasons of confidentiality, but included in the total.",,,,,,,, ,,,,,,,, "Results of the ICE-BMBF's ICE-Database of the Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) (ICE = Information, Controlling, Entscheidung)",,,,,,,, "A system of the German Centre for Higher Education Research and Science Studies (DZHW), http://www.dzhw.eu/en/index_html",,,,,,,, ,,,,,,,, "Last update: January 24, 2025",,,,,,,, ,,,,,,,, This work is licensed under a Data licence Germany attribution 2.0.,,,,,,,, (https://www.govdata.de/dl-de/by-2-0),,,,,,,,